{"id":179,"date":"2020-04-06T19:05:33","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T16:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/?p=179"},"modified":"2020-05-24T13:13:45","modified_gmt":"2020-05-24T10:13:45","slug":"laplace-z-transform-lection-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/laplace-z-transform-lection-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0438 z-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430<\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-919926eb3ae1140b36e251a1149a4592_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#40;&#115;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a7ee323bc5a3f73ad5e066b13bed5504_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#40;&#120;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c). \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-59d54ba73238a26eb8acae54cb83607e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#40;&#116;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id1213631559\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 60px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (1) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bfcf5feb2cb9f4cf9d853f2995f994ad_l3.png\" height=\"60\" width=\"164\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#70;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#116;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#48;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#102;&#40;&#116;&#41;&#32;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#44;&#100;&#116;&#44; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-59d54ba73238a26eb8acae54cb83607e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#40;&#116;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> &#8211; \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b;<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-919926eb3ae1140b36e251a1149a4592_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#40;&#115;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> &#8211; \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-59d54ba73238a26eb8acae54cb83607e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#40;&#116;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>;<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c235cf7b55fc5bf3860d1fc7a33d5489_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#115;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#106;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"84\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>;<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1c9cc40f96a1492e298e7da85a2c1692_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e;<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-707fcec15e450815730425a6607a1858_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0434.\/\u0441.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0422.\u043a. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5574f4672316ed5c652b37b46b4f8cf6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ae1901659f469e6be883797bfd30f4f8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#115;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c &#8220;<em>1\/\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f&#8221;<\/em>, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <em>\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b<\/em>. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ae1901659f469e6be883797bfd30f4f8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#115;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 <strong>\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/strong>. \u0410 \u0435\u0449\u0451 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5574f4672316ed5c652b37b46b4f8cf6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ae1901659f469e6be883797bfd30f4f8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#115;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 <strong>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/strong>\u00a0\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-59d54ba73238a26eb8acae54cb83607e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#40;&#116;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0438\u0434\u044b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5574f4672316ed5c652b37b46b4f8cf6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-707fcec15e450815730425a6607a1858_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1c9cc40f96a1492e298e7da85a2c1692_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5574f4672316ed5c652b37b46b4f8cf6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id643369991\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 39px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (2) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-16e928ea1c9424626849ac641dc24811_l3.png\" height=\"39\" width=\"185\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#106;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#106;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#125;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b136f4dee0d0b847c70f239bae53c434_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#106;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> &#8212; \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435, \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-707fcec15e450815730425a6607a1858_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u0415\u0449\u0451 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 <strong>\u0444\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/strong>. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-75d248abee29aa6a758cb15afc39c047_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"22\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b7b41acc5cb99fb07aaa07b445eb2483_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#116;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b4e3cbf5d4c5c6d9b702dd139f14c147_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5574f4672316ed5c652b37b46b4f8cf6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_182\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-182\" style=\"width: 746px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure1.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-182 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure1.svg\" alt=\"\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430\" width=\"746\" height=\"560\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-182\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5574f4672316ed5c652b37b46b4f8cf6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9afdd1146aabf2894a9f1c501679db92_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#50;&#92;&#112;&#105;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"55\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f886a1a2139de8aef56d014ab61c13bd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"42\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b136f4dee0d0b847c70f239bae53c434_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#106;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-707fcec15e450815730425a6607a1858_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1c9cc40f96a1492e298e7da85a2c1692_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_187\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-187\" style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure2.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-187 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure2.svg\" alt=\"\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430\" width=\"744\" height=\"396\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-187\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5574f4672316ed5c652b37b46b4f8cf6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-707fcec15e450815730425a6607a1858_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1c9cc40f96a1492e298e7da85a2c1692_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-919926eb3ae1140b36e251a1149a4592_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#40;&#115;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u0435\u0451 <strong>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id435890537\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 42px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (3) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-30a9e0c8c0390a5c33dae59e4c840f32_l3.png\" height=\"42\" width=\"103\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#72;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#89;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#125;&#123;&#88;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0451 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id2651744243\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 41px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (4) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-db6712fedcd22f1abcfd7d9a726e8d27_l3.png\" height=\"41\" width=\"157\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#72;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#115;&#94;&#51;&#43;&#50;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#45;&#115;&#125;&#123;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#43;&#51;&#115;&#43;&#50;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-da86fd47b12380365a776d3133881067_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#124;&#72;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#124;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"44\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"matlab\" data-enlighter-group=\"code:1.1\" data-enlighter-title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 H(s), \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1\">b = [1 2 -1 0];\r\na = [1 3 2];\r\n\r\nomega = linspace(-2.5, 2.5);\r\nsigma = linspace(-2.5, 0.5);\r\n\r\n[sigmagrid, omegagrid] = meshgrid(sigma, omega);\r\nsgrid = sigmagrid + 1i*omegagrid;\r\nH = polyval(b, sgrid).\/polyval(a, sgrid);\r\n\r\nmesh(sigma, omega, abs(H));\r\nxlabel('\u03c3');\r\nylabel('j\u03c9');\r\nzlabel('|H(s)|');<\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_190\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-190\" style=\"width: 692px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure3.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-190 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure3.svg\" alt=\"\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f |H(s)|\" width=\"692\" height=\"389\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-190\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-da86fd47b12380365a776d3133881067_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#124;&#72;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#124;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"44\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c 3D-\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445: \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-672bc4cd7563d0007789c3eec277bf87_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"54\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f55d2777f97b8493af63925ed716397d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#45;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"56\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-672bc4cd7563d0007789c3eec277bf87_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"54\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-dff485eb29d95ecc8bf665a05040c305_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#45;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"56\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/>. \u042d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/strong>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0442.\u0435. \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e00e5b4541a085b24f08fb5f7b48d0fe_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#72;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"71\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c <strong>\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-da86fd47b12380365a776d3133881067_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#124;&#72;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#124;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"44\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5e5593edca091c3246129ff684588a9a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"43\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0424\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u0410\u0427\u0425. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<a href=\"#id1213631559\">1<\/a>) <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d2211b4d6e6d68b5daef7bbe1ef51138_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#115;&#61;&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"51\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3509395448\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 60px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (5) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-864d5986ffbe52e514fdf95597c255ec_l3.png\" height=\"60\" width=\"169\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#70;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#116;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#48;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#102;&#40;&#116;&#41;&#32;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#44;&#100;&#116; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430? \u0414\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0424\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ede05c264bba0eda080918aaa09c4658_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#120;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1c9cc40f96a1492e298e7da85a2c1692_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0af556714940c351c933bba8cf840796_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#121;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> &#8211; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6a653f981100019b6544c2c58471612a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. \u0412 Matlab \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 1.1 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"matlab\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"15\" data-enlighter-group=\"code:1.2\" data-enlighter-title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 H(s), \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2\">Hs = tf(b, a);         % \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\r\niopzmap(Hs), grid on;  % \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191\" style=\"width: 560px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure4.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-191\" src=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure4.svg\" alt=\"\u041d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b H(s)\" width=\"560\" height=\"420\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fafe9168d635bcd4a19df3263d48182c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#72;&#40;&#115;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"37\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b &#8212; \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6a653f981100019b6544c2c58471612a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0438 &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6a653f981100019b6544c2c58471612a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430), \u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<h1>Z-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h1>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 <strong>z-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7678456914fac638e67ac10b23409f76_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#120;&#091;&#110;&#093;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"29\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> z-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9b5e08d5de021aea48e8aeaec34f8d14_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#88;&#091;&#122;&#093;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"33\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id1707153168\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 52px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (6) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ab7fecfb328454074ec6f10b88babbc7_l3.png\" height=\"52\" width=\"163\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#88;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#45;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#43;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#120;&#091;&#110;&#093;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#110;&#125;&#44; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4586e340cb83d5b642972e97a288fec2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#122;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-debec8da535c550f7d59f584e6cca9f3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#122;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#114;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"65\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c409433a9e2dfcdb83360a974d243f18_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#114;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> &#8212; \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c, \u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-707fcec15e450815730425a6607a1858_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> &#8212; \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-020a271427b6fdedce143bb26dac3c27_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#114;&#61;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<a href=\"#id1707153168\">6<\/a>) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id1834151592\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 52px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (7) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8dc1e4c1d1c6845512cb3ce3784775a9_l3.png\" height=\"52\" width=\"217\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#88;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#124;&#95;&#123;&#122;&#61;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#125;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#45;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#43;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#120;&#091;&#110;&#093;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#110;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<a href=\"#id1834151592\">7<\/a>) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0414\u041f\u0424 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7678456914fac638e67ac10b23409f76_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#120;&#091;&#110;&#093;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"29\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9b5e08d5de021aea48e8aeaec34f8d14_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#88;&#091;&#122;&#093;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"33\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5ef9d138b1cee02dcc1367ffef58bc70_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#124;&#122;&#124;&#61;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"49\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0410\u0427\u0425 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430. \u0417\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6a653f981100019b6544c2c58471612a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5ef9d138b1cee02dcc1367ffef58bc70_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#124;&#122;&#124;&#61;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"49\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435 Matlab. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0451\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id939452696\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 41px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (8) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5d654a5dba65be54b6e9180fa0cabc1c_l3.png\" height=\"41\" width=\"194\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#71;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#48;&#46;&#49;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#43;&#49;&#48;&#115;&#43;&#53;&#125;&#123;&#115;&#94;&#51;&#43;&#56;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#43;&#52;&#115;&#43;&#50;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c. \u0418 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3542427474\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 38px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (9) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e049f263b230576f800cf6ef9a73149c_l3.png\" height=\"38\" width=\"110\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#67;&#40;&#115;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#50;&#115;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#115;&#43;&#51;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <code class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"matlab\">c2d<\/code> (\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-aa495c898760d9cb29e639bc2587c2cf_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#71;&#100;&#091;&#122;&#093;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b3623536540d63de550261e850419842_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#100;&#091;&#122;&#093;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e) \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 (\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6e4ce6e34549ac1c10ab9f8832c52ed3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#75;&#61;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"48\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/>):<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_199\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-199\" style=\"width: 1552px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-199\" src=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5.png\" alt=\"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b\" width=\"1552\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5.png 1552w, https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5-1024x322.png 1024w, https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5-768x241.png 768w, https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5-1536x483.png 1536w, https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5-200x63.png 200w, https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure5-400x126.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1552px) 100vw, 1552px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-199\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"matlab\" data-enlighter-group=\"code:2.1\" data-enlighter-title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1\">clear\r\n\r\nG = tf([0.1 10 5],[1 8 4 2]);\r\nGd = c2d(G,0.1);\r\nC = tf([2 1],[2 3]);\r\nCd = c2d(C,0.1);\r\nsys = feedback(Gd,Cd);\r\n\r\nfigure\r\nrlocus(sys), grid on;<\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8211; \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_194\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-194\" style=\"width: 558px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure6.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-194\" src=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure6.svg\" alt=\"\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \" width=\"558\" height=\"548\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-194\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 &#8220;\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ea9c87a513e4a72624155d392fae86e2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#75;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438 <strong>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444<\/strong>. \u0421 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ea9c87a513e4a72624155d392fae86e2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#75;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0435). \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b &#8212; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6f9a727ff33fe98d62aacfbc176a5a8e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#75;&#61;&#50;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"57\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/>. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 (<strong>\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0425\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430<\/strong>, \u0438\u043b\u0438 <strong>\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430<\/strong>\u00a0&#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-54e3dde413505dad3b1afb2a388f037d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#116;&#60;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: -2px;\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-29f622de39d98a9f25aaf1ba346801e2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#116;&#92;&#103;&#101;&#113;&#32;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435). \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"matlab\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"11\" data-enlighter-group=\"code:2.2\" data-enlighter-title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2\">figure\r\nsubplot(2,2,1)\r\nsys1 = feedback(Gd,Cd);\r\nstep(sys1), grid on\r\ntitle('K=1')\r\n\r\nsubplot(2,2,2)\r\nsys2 = feedback(Gd,Cd*10);\r\nstep(sys2), grid on\r\ntitle('K=10')\r\n\r\nsubplot(2,2,3)\r\nsys3 = feedback(Gd,Cd*20);\r\nstep(sys3), grid on\r\ntitle('K=20')\r\n\r\nsubplot(2,2,4)\r\nsys4 = feedback(Gd,Cd*25);\r\nstep(sys4), grid on\r\ntitle('K=25')<\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_195\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-195\" style=\"width: 897px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure7.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-195\" src=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/lap-z-figure7.svg\" alt=\"\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 K\" width=\"897\" height=\"560\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-195\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ea9c87a513e4a72624155d392fae86e2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#75;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ea9c87a513e4a72624155d392fae86e2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#75;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-55e52819c18f48d96b33af8bf2a633fd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#75;&#61;&#50;&#53;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"57\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 21) \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u044f (\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430).<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0411\u0418\u0425-\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e &#8220;\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430&#8221;? \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 z-\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id2947646854\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 18px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (10) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a7a21d66da3e61c0a3c8689904decc21_l3.png\" height=\"18\" width=\"112\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#121;&#091;&#110;&#093;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#120;&#091;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#093; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c z-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (<a href=\"#id2947646854\">10<\/a>):<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id524251691\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 52px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (11) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d0936b53947e9bb6655c43b9b59a6ee6_l3.png\" height=\"52\" width=\"175\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#89;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#45;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#43;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#120;&#091;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#093;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#110;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7800cb180b4dd38082e958eaa5ee2d6a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;&#61;&#110;&#45;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"74\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/>, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3945850986\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 52px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (12) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4d28f4ecc3b3ca120006013a7714bf7b_l3.png\" height=\"52\" width=\"448\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#89;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#45;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#43;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#120;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#40;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#41;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#45;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#43;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#120;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#107;&#125;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#45;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#43;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#102;&#116;&#121;&#125;&#32;&#120;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#107;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0438\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3753870199\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 22px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (13) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3db74c038c82e66af4a61302680dbab9_l3.png\" height=\"22\" width=\"130\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#89;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#88;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#49;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 1 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-046f3f8bd18d6d61d6e2088d031a974a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#49;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"26\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 &#8220;\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430&#8221; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-046f3f8bd18d6d61d6e2088d031a974a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#49;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"26\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b170995d512c659d8668b4e42e1fef6b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6da66f9f2c27c6b203fa6f1ecb707d03_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#110;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"28\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0411\u0418\u0425-\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0432 z-\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id2209463451\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 54px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (14) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-daf0020760a77d497bdfc448c353564a_l3.png\" height=\"54\" width=\"321\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#89;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#61;&#88;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#61;&#48;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#78;&#125;&#32;&#98;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#107;&#125;&#43;&#89;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#77;&#125;&#32;&#97;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#107;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0451\u043c \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e &#8212; \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3990629966\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 94px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (15) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a7dddf189da61c486d7d040d11312de3_l3.png\" height=\"94\" width=\"239\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#72;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#89;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#125;&#123;&#88;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#61;&#48;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#78;&#125;&#32;&#98;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#107;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#45;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#77;&#125;&#32;&#97;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#122;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#107;&#125;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e (<a href=\"#id3990629966\">15<\/a>) \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f96c285b9f34ab6b29d0b0099fbe5512_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#122;&#61;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"56\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id1907901343\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 94px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (16) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fc57cc20640589a9ad1e59c18f343760_l3.png\" height=\"94\" width=\"297\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#72;&#091;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#093;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#72;&#091;&#122;&#093;&#124;&#95;&#123;&#122;&#61;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#106;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#125;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#61;&#48;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#78;&#125;&#32;&#98;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#106;&#107;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#45;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#94;&#123;&#77;&#125;&#32;&#97;&#091;&#107;&#093;&#32;&#101;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#106;&#107;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#125;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 pdf:<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/leonidov.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Laplace-and-z-transform-Lecture-V.V.-Leonidov.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laplace and z-transform Lecture &#8211; V.V. Leonidov.pdf<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c). \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a: (1) &nbsp; \u0433\u0434\u0435: &#8211; \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b; &#8211; \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[10,5,14,7,12,13,11,6],"class_list":["post-179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lectures","category-dsp","tag-lecture-notes","tag-dsp","tag-laplace","tag-matlab","tag-z-transform","tag-z-transform-rus","tag-conspectus","tag-dsp-rus","post-box"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["en","ru"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=179"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":360,"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions\/360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leonidov.su\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}